A war between a US-led international coalition and Iraq, fought in early 1991. The war followed the invasion and occupation of Kuwait by the Iraqi army in late 1990, with the international intervention approved by the UN Security Council. The coalition forces succeeded in liberating Kuwait and entering Iraqi territory, but stopped short of removing Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein from power. During the war, Iraq fired Scud missiles at Saudi Arabia and Israel, with the latter choosing not to retaliate. In April 1991, the post-war arrangements, including compensation by the Iraqis and measures for international supervision of Iraqi military activities, were codified in UN Security Council Resolution 687. The political atmosphere following the war paved the way to the Madrid Conference, held in October 1991.