A report published on 30 April 2001 by the Sharm al-Sheikh Fact-Finding Committee, a committee established subsequent to the Sharm el-Sheikh Summit in order to ascertain the causes for the outbreak of the Second Intifada in October 2000. The committee, led by U.S. Special Envoy George Mitchell, examined both the Israeli claim that the violence was pre-planned by the Palestinian leadership, and the Palestinian claim that the root of the violence lay in excessive Israeli response to peaceful demonstrations. It concluded that while there is no evidence for purposeful escalation by either side, more efforts could have been made to contain the violence. It recommended an immediate ceasefire, confidence-building measures, and the resumption of negotiations.