A “national defense scheme” for the Jewish population in Palestine authored by Elimelech ‘Avner’ Zelikowitz, a member of the Haganah, the largest Zionist militia, in June 1937. The plan was prepared in response to a request by Haganah leadership, ahead of the possible termination of the Mandate for Palestine and outbreak of a Jewish-Arab civil war. The scheme detailed the military, financial and territorial outlines of the Jewish war effort, based on a phased advancement from north to south.

A war between Israel on the one hand, and the PLO and Syria on the other, which broke out on 5 June 1982. The war began as a limited Israeli operation (Operation Peace for Galilee) against PLO strongholds in southern Lebanon, following sustained attacks against civilians in the north of Israel, as well as the attempted assassination of the Israeli ambassador to the United Kingdom. Israeli operations were extended as it became embroiled in the ongoing Lebanese Civil War, and Israel eventually occupied large parts of Lebanon, including western Beirut. In what became known as the Sabra and Shatila Massacre, Christian militias attacked two Palestinian refugee camps in Beirut, killing hundreds to thousands of civilians. Under intense Israeli pressure, the PLO leadership relocated from Beirut to Tunis in 1982. In 1983, a non-belligerency treaty was signed between Israel and the Christian-backed Lebanese government, but it was cancelled the following year. By 1985, Israel gradually withdrew its forces from most of Lebanon, forming the South Lebanon Security Zone. Low-intensity warfare between Israel, the Israeli-allied militia South Lebanon Army and Hezbollah continued until Israel's complete withdrawal from Lebanon in 2000, thereby implementing UNSC Resolution 425 of 1978.

Known in the Arab world as the October War, and in Israel as the Yom Kippur War, a war fought between Israel, Syria and Egypt in October 1973. The war began with a surprise attack by Egyptian and Syrian forces in the midst of the Jewish fast of Yom Kippur. Despite their initial advances in Sinai and the Golan Heights, respectively, the Israeli forces repelled the Egyptians and Syrians and managed to cross the Suez Canal. Towards the end of the war, the UN Security Council adopted Resolution 338, calling for a ceasefire and negotiations based on Resolution 242. The war ended with a ceasefire, followed in early 1974 by separate disengagement agreements with Egypt and Syria. Though the aftermath of the war saw the territorial status quo remain largely unchanged, within several years Israel and Egypt would sign a peace treaty, involving an Israeli withdrawal from Sinai. Following the war, the Agranat Commission was set up in Israel to investigate possible failures in the Israeli political and military leadership in preparing for the war. The publication of the commission's report triggered a political crisis that led to the resignation of Prime Minister Golda Meir and Minister of Defense Moshe Dayan. Casualties in the war numbered over 2,000 on the Israeli side, and several thousand on the Arab site.

A legal document adopted by the League of Nations on 24 July 1922. It established the United Kingdom as a Mandatory in control of Palestine, which had been officially under military government since the British occupied it from the Ottoman Empire during World War I. It was based on the Sykes-Picot Agreement and the understandings reached at the Paris and San Remo Conferences. The document provided for the administration of Palestine by the British with the aim of establishing the Jewish national home as mentioned in the 1917 Balfour Declaration, ensuring that the rights and positions of other communities in Palestine, as well as holy places, be preserved. Article 25 of the Mandate allowed the British, with the consent of the League of Nations, to “withhold or postpone” the application of certain provisions of the Mandate with regard to the territory east of the Jordan River and administer it separately from the rest of Palestine, a right which it exercised with the Transjordan Memorandum later in 1922.

A map of the “Little Triangle”, an area containing Arab localities that was under Jordanian control at the conclusion of the 1948 War, but was ceded to Israel as part of the 1949 Israel-Jordan Armistice Agreement.

An Israeli proposal for a permanent territorial settlement in Jerusalem, put forth in 2000 during the Camp David Summit. Under the proposal made by Israeli Prime Minister Ehud Barak and presented to US President Bill Clinton, outlying Palestinian neighborhoods would fall under Palestinian sovereignty, in addition to the Christian and Muslim Quarters of the Old City. Israel would retain sovereignty of inner-city Palestinian neighborhoods, as well as the Jewish and Armenian Quarters of the Old City, while the Temple Mount/Al-Haram al-Sharif would fall under Israeli control and Palestinian “custodianship”.

Elements pertaining to the Old City of Jerusalem of Jerusalem in the Geneva Initiative, an unofficial draft proposal for a permanent status agreement resolving the Israeli-Palestinian conflict. These include Article 6, Sections 5-10 of the original 2003 agreement and an attached map, as well as Annex 6 regarding multinational presence on Temple Mount/Al-Haram al-Sharif.

Reference map of Arab localities in the Gaza area that remained on the Israeli side of the 1949 Israel-Egypt armistice line following the 1948 War.

Reference map of Arab localities that were destroyed during or as a consequence of the 1948 War, as part of the process known in the Arab World as the Nakba (Catastrophe).

Reference map of landing strips at Ben-Gurion International Airport, the primary gateway for international air traffic in and out of Israel. Located only a few kilometers away from the 1967 lines, the security of this airport is considered by Israel to be a vital component of security arrangements in a future Israeli-Palestinian settlement.