A global war conducted between 1914 and 1918, in which the Allied Powers, led by Britain, France, Japan, Russia (to 1917) and the United States (from 1917), fought the Central Powers, led by the German, Austro-Hungarian and Ottoman Empires. … The war in the Middle East officially ended with the Treaty of Lausanne in 1923 between the Allies and Turkey, heir to the defunct Ottoman Empire.

A treaty signed between several European powers in Berlin, Germany, on 13 July 1878.

A treaty signed in Paris on 30 March 1856, ending the Crimean War, a three-year conflict in which Russia faced the Ottoman Empire, France, Britain and the Kingdom of Sardinia, which had started following disputes over the rights of Christian minorities in Palestine.